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In higher order organisms, DNA is assembled into a protein-dense structure called chromatin. Chromatin protects DNA from physical and chemical insults and enables it to fit into the limited space of nucleus. On the other hand, the keyDNA-templated processes including replication and transcription require direct contact between trans-acting factors and DNA, necessitating tightly controlled alterations over the chromatin structure.

Information Session for Cyber Security Non-Thesis Masters Degree Program: May, 5th 2024 Sunday

Profesyonellere Yönelik Tezsiz Yüksek Lisans Programları Tanıtım Toplantıları 5 Mayıs 2024 Pazar günü 11.00 - 14.00 arasında Altunizade Dijital Kampüsümüzde gerçekleşecektir.

Information Session for Information Technology Non-Thesis Masters Degree Program: May 5th, 2024 Sunday

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level to control fundamental biological processes. Accumulating data in the literature indicate that dysregulation of miRNA expression contributes to the mechanisms of cancer formation, invasion, metastasis, and affects response to therapeutics. There is a growing list of miRNA levels of which deregulated under cancer-related conditions. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Routine clinical evaluation, diagnosis and treatment modalities of breast cancer are categorized into three major distinct molecular subtypes based on their hormone receptor status, proliferation capacity and stage of the disease. However, a large group of patients still cannot benefit from available treatment strategies.

The rapid evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires an evolution of computing architectures and technologies to handle increased data volumes, real-time processing requirements, and system complexity. This talk will explore how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Fog Computing are converging to power the next generation of IoT systems, enhancing data processing capabilities at the edge while maintaining core analytics and control centrally. Integrating AI into fog computing nodes is critical to transforming traditional IoT devices into intelligent agents that can process and analyze data locally, make real-time decisions, and reduce dependence on cloud services. We will outline the basic principles of fog computing and its essential role in creating a scalable, responsive, and efficient IoT architecture. This architecture enables real-time data processing close to the source, minimizes latency, and optimizes bandwidth usage, which is critical for time-sensitive applications across multiple domains. We will explore several key applications of this integration in areas such as smart cities, industrial IoT, and autonomous vehicles. We will also present the results of our latest studies in our AIoT Lab.

The aviation industry, responsible for 915 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2019, stands at a crossroads. With its contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions currently at 3 and projected to triple or even quintuple by 2050, the need for transformative solutions is urgent. Among these, the electrification of aircraft propulsion and power systems offers a promising path forward. This shift has the potential to revolutionize propulsion architectures and fundamentally alter the relationship between propulsion systems and airframes. However, this exciting new design space also presents challenges, including technological bottlenecks, a lack of historical data, and high levels of uncertainty. Without careful navigation, the potential environmental and performance benefits of electrification can be easily undermined by suboptimal propulsion solutions. In the Integrated Design of Environmentally-friendly Aerospace Systems Laboratory (IDEAS Lab) at the University of Michigan, we strive to explore this complex design space through quantitative, system-level, and life-cycle assessments of future aircraft concepts. In this presentation, I will emphasize the critical role of systems thinking in integrating electrified propulsion technologies into the aircraft design process and will share examples of design space exploration and multi-disciplinary analysis and optimization of electrified aircraft.

The kidney consists of different segments that are essential in maintaining homeostasis throughout the body, including regulating electrolyte and water balance. The last segment of the kidney tubules is called the collecting duct (CD), where finetuning of sodium and water reabsorption occurs. A dysfunction of this process can lead to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) that causes the inability to concentrate urine which can lead to patients excreting urine from 3 to 20 liters per day with risk of severe dehydration. It is known that NDI is caused by dysfunction of the water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) or the vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) in the CD. Despite promising results of pre-clinical experiments, clinical trials often fail due to ineffectiveness or side-effects. Recent developments in organoid research promise to study kidney (patho)physiology with increased translational value compared to conventional in vitro research models. Tubuloids are kidney organoid models that are derived from adult stem cells and consist of epithelial cells from different segments of the kidney tubules. Tubuloid cells have high resemblance to their in vivo counterparts in terms of morphology and a mature expression profile of distal part of the nephron. By utilizing these tubuloid models, we show that tubuloids are capable of functional CD-specific sodium and water transport regulation under control of physiological stimuli and (inhibitory) diuretics that are commonly used in the clinic. Single cell RNAseq results show that tubuloids can be differentiated towards the thick ascending limb (TAL), distal convoluted tubule(DCT and the collecting duct (CD). Differentiated tubuloids showed significantly increased expression of these segment specific markers, including key sodium transporters NKCC2 (TAL), NCC (DCT), the sodium channel ENaC (CD) and water transport channels AQP2 (CD), AQP3 and AQP4. Radioactive tracer 22Na+ was used to study sodium reabsorption by renal ion transporters and channels, confirming that endogenous sodium channels in tubuloids reabsorb Na+ in a diuretic dependent manner. Physiological stimulation of tubuloids by desmopressin , the analog of vasopressin, resulted in upregulation of AQP2 signaling in a vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) dependent manner. Following these findings, we performed 3D swelling assays to confirm the functional water transport capabilities. These functional assays confirmed that CD tubuloids are indeed capable of increasing water transport within the lumen of tubules and thereby respond to stimuli by swelling. By combining these functional sodium and water transport assays with the versatile tubuloid model, we propose that distal tubule differentiated tubuloids are suitable models to study kidney-specific behavior which can enable personalized medicine and studies on (rare) kidney diseases.

Information Session for Energy Technologies and Management Non-Thesis Masters Degree Program: April 18, 2024, Thursday 19:00-20:00

Information Session for Information Technology Non-Thesis Masters Degree Program: April 18th, 2024 Thursday