In the presence of ever visible effects of global climate change, small scale wind turbines are considered as viable renewable systems. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) are popular for grid-connected power generation. Yet there is an increasing demand for small-scale portable power generation, typically away from the grid and provided by diesel generator and small scale photovoltaic panels. Small scale vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) can be used as power supplies for telecommunication towers, recreational and military camps away from the population.

• Vertical Axis Wind Turbines hakkında daha fazla oku

Owing to high energy efficiency and density, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are very attractive for transportation and stationary applications. However, commercialization of the PEMFC technology is hindered by problems such as high cost, complexity of the system, and durability of the polymer membrane, electrode and catalyst materials.

• PEM Fuel Cells hakkında daha fazla oku